zondag 24 juni 2012

Zonnepanelen!

Zonnepanelen, wie wil ze nou niet?
Wij wel in ieder geval, dus op onderzoek! Gelukkig zijn er genoeg te vinden en gelukkig is er nog veel meer informatie beschikbaar online, dus ik heb eens netjes onder elkaar gezet wat er nou eigenlijk wilden doen:



Solar Panels
Solar Panels make FREE electricity from the sun, have no moving parts to fail, and last over 25 years. They can be mounted on fixed, adjustable, or tracking type mounting systems. Getting power from the sun's energy is not only Free, but it's Fun to setup a solar energy system and be your own utility company!
Charge Controllers
A Charge Controller is necessary to protect the batteries from over charging and supply them with the proper amount of energy to promote long battery life. The popular 3 stage charging cycle of PWM charge controllers is fully explained and shown visually on a multi-color chart. Also covered are the newer MPPT (maximum power point tracking) controllers
Storage Batteries
Without Storage Batteries to store energy you would only have power when the sun was shining or the generator was running. Here we discuss 4 major categories of batteries for solar power systems. The batteries in your system are very important. The care & feeding section of this tutorial is a must read to ensure long battery life and good performance
http://www.freesunpower.com/
Series Wiring
 To wire any device in series you must connect the positive terminal of one device to the negative terminal of the next device

        
 Important: When you wire devices in series the individual voltages of each device is additive. In other words if each device in the above example had the potential of producing 12 volts, then 12 + 12 + 12 + 12 = 48 volts. If these devices were batteries then the total voltage of the battery pack would be 48 volts. If they were solar modules that produced 17 Volts each then the total voltage of the solar array would be 68 volts.
 The second important rule to remember about series circuits is that the current or amperage in a series circuit stays the same. So if these devices were batteries and each battery had a rating of 12 Volts @ 220 Amp hours then the total value of this series circuit would be 48 Volts @ 220 Amp hours. If they were solar modules and each solar module had a rating of 17 volts and were rated at 5 amps each then the total circuit value would be 68 volts @ 5 amps.

In the example below two 6 Volt 350 Amp hour batteries were wired in series which yields 6 Volts + 6 Volts = 12 Volts @ 350 Amp hours.


 If the above devices were solar modules which were rated at 17 volts each @ 4.4 amps then this series circuit would yield 34 volts at 4.4 amps.

 Remember the Voltage in a series circuit is additive and the Current stays the same.
 Parallel Circuits
 To wire any device in parallel you must connect the positive terminal of the first device to the positive terminal of the next device and negative terminal of the first device to the negative terminal of the next device.

Important: When you wire devices in parallel the resulting Voltage and Current is just the opposite of a series circuit. Instead the Voltage in a parallel circuit stays the same and the Current is additive. If each device in the above example had the potential of producing 350 Amp hours then 350 + 350  = 700 Amp hours, the Voltage would stay the same. 

If these devices were batteries then this parallel circuit would yield total voltage of 12 volts @ 700 Amp hours. If these devices were solar modules that produced 17 Volts @ 4.4 amps each then the this parallel circuit would yield 17 Volts @ 8.8 amps.





In the example below four 17 Volt @ 4.4 Amp solar panels were wired in parallel which yields 4.4 Amps + 4.4 Amps + 4.4 Amps + 4.4 Amps = 17.6 amps total @ 17 volts



if the above devices were batteries which were rated at 12 volts each @ 220 Amps hours then this parallel circuit would yield 12 volts @ 880 Amp hours.

Remember the Voltage in a parallel circuit stays the same and the Current is additive.

Series/Parallel Circuits

Hold on to your hats because here's where it gets a little wild. Actually you've already learned all you need to know to under stand series/parallel circuits.

A Series/parallel circuit is simply two or more series circuits that are wired together in parallel.
In the above example two separate pairs of 6 Volt batteries have been wired in series and each of these series pairs have been wired together in parallel. 

You might be asking why in the world would someone want to put them self through this ? Well lets say that you want to increase the Amp hour rating of a battery pack so that you could run your appliances longer but you needed to wire the pack in such a way as to keep the battery pack at 12 volts, or you want to increase the charging capacity of your solar array but you needed to wire the solar modules in such a way as to keep the solar array at 34 volts, well, series/parallel is the only way to do that. 

Remember in parallel circuits the current is additive so thus you increase your run time or Amp hour capacity or in the case of solar modules, you increase your charging current by wiring the batteries or solar modules in parallel. Since we need 12 volts and have 6 volt batteries or in the case of solar modules we need 34 Volts and have 17 Volt modules on hand on hand, wiring the batteries or solar modules in series allows us to get the 12 Volts or 34 Volts that we need. 

An easy way to visualize it would be to start by wiring the batteries in individual sets that will give you the voltage that you need. Lets say that you need 24 volts but have six volt batteries on hand. First wire four of the batteries in series to get 24 volts. (Remember wire in series to increase the voltage) and continue to wire additional sets of four batteries until the batteries are used up. 

Next wire each series set of four batteries in parallel to each other (Positive to positive to positive and so on and then negative to negative to negative and so on) until each series set is wired together in parallel. If each series set of batteries equals 24 Volts at 350 Amp hours then five series sets wired to each other in parallel would give you a 24 Volt @ 1750 Amp hour battery pack.
Instructions
    • 1 Put 4 AA batteries into the two battery holders.
    • 2 Wire the holders together to make a series connection for the battery charger. Connect one positive wire from one holder to one negative wire of the other. Leave the other positive and negative wires alone for now.

    • 3 Join the blocking diode and the battery charger. Use the ringed end. Connect this to the positive wire from the battery holder.
    • 4 Connect the other end of the blocking diode to the solar panel.
    • 5 Take the negative output of the solar panel, and connect it to the negative wire from the battery holders.
    • 6 Charge the solar panel, and watch it charge the batteries.
Samenvatting:
- Een zonnencel levert energie in gelijkstroom
- deze energie word doorgegeven door een + en een – draad
- om een batterij op te laden zal je een diode moeten plaatsen om te voorkomen dat de energie weer weg lekt als er geen energie geleverd word.
- als het gevaar bestaat dat de cel de batterij laad boven zijn vermogen, dan moet je een “charge controller” in het systeem plaatsen. 

Geen opmerkingen:

Een reactie posten