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Solar
Panels
Solar
Panels make FREE electricity from the sun, have no moving parts to fail, and
last over 25 years. They can be mounted on fixed, adjustable, or tracking type
mounting systems. Getting power from the sun's energy is not only Free, but
it's Fun to setup a solar energy system and be your own utility company!
Charge
Controllers
A Charge
Controller is necessary to protect the batteries from over charging and supply
them with the proper amount of energy to promote long battery life. The popular
3 stage charging cycle of PWM charge controllers is fully explained and shown
visually on a multi-color chart. Also covered are the newer MPPT (maximum power
point tracking) controllers
Storage
Batteries
Without
Storage Batteries to store energy you would only have power when the sun was
shining or the generator was running. Here we discuss 4 major categories of
batteries for solar power systems. The batteries in your system are very
important. The care & feeding section of this tutorial is a must read to ensure
long battery life and good performance
http://www.freesunpower.com/
http://www.freesunpower.com/
Series
Wiring
To
wire any device in series you must connect the positive terminal of one device
to the negative terminal of the next device
Important: When
you wire devices in series the individual voltages of each device is additive.
In other words if each device in the above example had the potential of
producing 12 volts, then 12 + 12 + 12 + 12 = 48 volts. If these devices were
batteries then the total voltage of the battery pack would be 48 volts. If they
were solar modules that produced 17 Volts each then the total voltage of the
solar array would be 68 volts.
The
second important rule to remember about series circuits is that the current or
amperage in a series circuit stays the same. So if these devices were batteries
and each battery had a rating of 12 Volts @ 220 Amp hours then the total value
of this series circuit would be 48 Volts @ 220 Amp hours. If they were solar
modules and each solar module had a rating of 17 volts and were rated at 5 amps
each then the total circuit value would be 68 volts @ 5 amps.
In the
example below two 6 Volt 350 Amp hour batteries were wired in series which
yields 6 Volts + 6 Volts = 12 Volts @ 350 Amp hours.
If
the above devices were solar modules which were rated at 17 volts each @ 4.4
amps then this series circuit would yield 34 volts at 4.4 amps.
Remember
the Voltage in a series circuit is additive and the Current stays the same.
Parallel
Circuits
To wire any device in parallel you must connect the positive
terminal of the first device to the positive terminal of the next device and
negative terminal of the first device to the negative terminal of the next
device.
Important: When you wire devices in
parallel the resulting Voltage and Current is just the opposite of a series
circuit. Instead the Voltage in a parallel circuit stays the same and the
Current is additive. If each device in the above example had the potential of producing
350 Amp hours then 350 + 350 = 700 Amp hours, the Voltage would stay the
same.
If these
devices were batteries then this parallel circuit would yield total voltage of
12 volts @ 700 Amp hours. If these devices were solar modules that produced 17
Volts @ 4.4 amps each then the this parallel circuit would yield 17 Volts @ 8.8
amps.
In the
example below four 17 Volt @ 4.4 Amp solar panels were wired in parallel which
yields 4.4 Amps + 4.4 Amps + 4.4 Amps + 4.4 Amps = 17.6 amps total @ 17 volts
if the
above devices were batteries which were rated at 12 volts each @ 220 Amps hours
then this parallel circuit would yield 12 volts @ 880 Amp hours.
Remember
the Voltage in a parallel circuit stays the same and the Current is additive.
Series/Parallel
Circuits
Hold on to
your hats because here's where it gets a little wild. Actually you've already
learned all you need to know to under stand series/parallel circuits.
A
Series/parallel circuit is simply two or more series circuits that are wired
together in parallel.
In the
above example two separate pairs of 6 Volt batteries have been wired in series
and each of these series pairs have been wired together in parallel.
You might
be asking why in the world would someone want to put them self through this ?
Well lets say that you want to increase the Amp hour rating of a battery pack
so that you could run your appliances longer but you needed to wire the pack in
such a way as to keep the battery pack at 12 volts, or you want to increase the
charging capacity of your solar array but you needed to wire the solar modules
in such a way as to keep the solar array at 34 volts, well, series/parallel is
the only way to do that.
Remember in
parallel circuits the current is additive so thus you increase your run time or
Amp hour capacity or in the case of solar modules, you increase your charging
current by wiring the batteries or solar modules in parallel. Since we need 12
volts and have 6 volt batteries or in the case of solar modules we need 34
Volts and have 17 Volt modules on hand on hand, wiring the batteries or solar
modules in series allows us to get the 12 Volts or 34 Volts that we need.
An easy way
to visualize it would be to start by wiring the batteries in individual sets
that will give you the voltage that you need. Lets say that you need 24 volts
but have six volt batteries on hand. First wire four of the batteries in series
to get 24 volts. (Remember wire in series to increase the voltage) and continue
to wire additional sets of four batteries until the batteries are used
up.
Next wire
each series set of four batteries in parallel to each other (Positive to
positive to positive and so on and then negative to negative to negative and so
on) until each series set is wired together in parallel. If each series set of
batteries equals 24 Volts at 350 Amp hours then five series sets wired to each
other in parallel would give you a 24 Volt @ 1750 Amp hour battery pack.
Instructions
- 1 Put 4 AA batteries into the two battery
holders.
- 2 Wire the holders together to make a
series connection for the battery charger. Connect one positive wire from
one holder to one negative wire of the other. Leave the other positive
and negative wires alone for now.
- 3 Join the blocking diode and the battery
charger. Use the ringed end. Connect this to the positive wire from the
battery holder.
- 4 Connect the other end of the blocking
diode to the solar panel.
- 5 Take the negative output of the solar
panel, and connect it to the negative wire from the battery holders.
- 6 Charge the solar panel, and watch it
charge the batteries.
Read more: How to Make a Solar Panel Battery Charger | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/how_2081261_make-solar-panel-battery-charger.html#ixzz1vhAUrot5
Samenvatting:
- Een zonnencel levert energie in gelijkstroom
- deze energie word doorgegeven door een + en een – draad
- om een batterij op te laden zal je een diode moeten
plaatsen om te voorkomen dat de energie weer weg lekt als er geen energie
geleverd word.
- als het gevaar bestaat dat de cel de batterij laad boven
zijn vermogen, dan moet je een “charge controller” in het systeem plaatsen.
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